In recent years, China’s equipment manufacturing industry has achieved rapid development. The manufacturing capabilities of many large-scale equipment have risen to the world level, and even become the world’s paradise level. However, the vision of China’
Ultra-precision technology machining is an important supporting technology for modern high-tech warfare, the development of modern basic technology industry and science and technology, and the development direction of modern manufacturing science.
Modern science and technology are based on experiments, and there is almost no need for the support of ultra-precision machining technology to develop testing instruments and equipment. From huge manufacturing to brand-new processing and manufacturing is the future development trend of manufacturing. At present, ultra-precision machining enters nano-machining micro-machining. The frontier of nano-manufacturing precision processing is a length that can be used in the world.
The development stage of ultra-precision machining
The machining technology without foreign matter, the illusion of different material physics, the precise shape, size, area, area, size (no or small area) with dimensions, including weak and other non-defects, no tolerance, organization changes) As the goal.
The content of ultra-precision machining affects the various elements of ultra-precision machining, including: ultra-precision machining, processed materials, machiningequipment, precision machining, ultra-precision machining, that is, ultra-precision machining, ultra-precision machining and quality certification, ultra-precision machining environment (including constant temperature, vibration isolation, clean control, etc.) and ultra-precision machining technology. .
First, in the 1950s and 1980s, the United States took the lead in the development of ultra-precision machining technology represented by single-point machining diamond tools for laser fusion mirrors, spherical and aspherical large parts in aerospace, defense, astronomy and other fields.
The second is the application era of civil industry from the 1980s to the 1990s. U.S. Moore Company, Pretec Company, Japan’s Toshiba Support and Hitachi, and European companies such as Cranfield, the ultra-precision government separate ultra-precision machining equipment is still scarce and expensive, mainly in the form of special machines Chemical production began to be used in the manufacture of precision optical devices for processing civilian use. Ultra-precision diamond grinding technology and grinder for brittle materials, but its machining efficiency cannot start with the diamond car.
Third, after the 90s in the 20th century, the super-machining technology of home appliances gradually matured. Under the promotion of industries such as automobiles, energy, medical equipment, optoelectronics, and communications, ultra-precision technology has widely penetrated into aspheric optical glasses, ultra-precision molds, along with ultra-precision machining equipment technology, precision machining equipment related technology, precision machining equipment, Rolling guide rails, static guide rail lasers, micro-feed drive devices, precision information systems, and precision detection systems for micro-feed devices have gradually matured, and are common in the production range of ultra-precision machining equipment. In addition, equipment accuracy is gradually approaching the nanometer level, and the size range of processable equipment is gradually expanding, and it is becoming more and more widely used as time goes by. In textile technology, ultra-precision five-axis milling and fly-cutting technologies have also emerged, which can already process complex parts such as aspherical surfaces of shafts and shafts.
The development of ultra-precision machining
For a long period of time in the past, due to embargo restrictions in Western countries, imported foreign precision machine tools were damaged. But when their own system was successfully developed in 1998, Western countries immediately lifted the ban, and it has started now. Many ultra-precision machine tools have been imported.
Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, Aviation Industry Precision Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, National University of Defense Technology and other units are now able to produce a variety of ultra-precision machine tools.
Beijing is the main unit for ultra-machining in China. Precision technology researches many different types of ultra-precision machine tools, cells and precision testing instruments of related research institutes, such as precision machine tools with 0.025μm precision machine tools, JCS-027 lathes, JCS- 031 ultra-precision milling machine, JCS-035 ultra-precision lathe, ultra-lathe precision digestion system, copier precision drum and other machining machine tools, infrared large vibration laser reflector, ultra-precision-displacement micrometer have reached the domestic and international advanced level.
NAM-800 nano-mechanical lathe is the most advanced first-level machining machine tool of Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute. It is the perfect unity of mechanical technology, servo technology and manufacturing technology. The machine tool provides a good machining technique for the most cutting-edge technological development.
Harbin Institute of Technology has carried out fruitful research on diamond ultra-precision tools, diamond tool pointing and sharpening, and diamond micro-powder grinding wheel online dressing technology.
Tsinghua University has carried out integrated circuit ultra-precision machining equipment, disk machining and testing equipment, micro-equipment worktables, ultra-precision belt grinding and polishing, ultra-precision grinding of diamond micro-powder grinding wheels, and non-circular ultra-ultra-precision machining. In-depth research and research, and corresponding products come out.
In addition, the Spring Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Chengdu Tool Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, etc. have all carried out research in the field and achieved remarkable results.
But all in all, compared with foreign countries in terms of machining, precision, and exaggeration of ultra-precision machining machine tools, especially in terms of specifications (large size) and technology, there are still considerable deviations from the actual production requirements. In addition, complex and complex precision machining It has always been a barrier to the development of the manufacturing industry, and the development of the manufacturing industry is related to the development of the national economy, and a lot of research is still needed.
The development trend of precision machining
In simple terms, the machining of fixed abrasive grains is refined, and the processed abrasive grains are processed continuously by fixed grinding. Although the current precision machining technology and EEM can obtain super-high surface and surface ability, it cannot sacrifice the quality and machining efficiency. The machining accuracy of CMP and EEM. Exploring the compatibility and precision machining has become the goal of researchers in the field of precision machining. The semi-fixed abrasive grain machining method shows this tendency. , The birth of composite machining methods such as magnetorheological abrasive flow machining.
Process integration. Nowadays, the competition among enterprises is becoming fierce, and high production efficiency has become a condition for enterprises to survive. In this context, there have been calls for "replacement of research with grinding" and even "replacement of throwing with grinding". On the one hand, the trend of using one device to complete multiple machining (such as turning, drilling, milling, grinding, and smoothing) is becoming more and more obvious.
Larger and smaller. In order to process large-scale optoelectronic equipment such as aviation and aerospace (such as mirrors on large-scale astronomical telescopes), large-scale ultra-precision equipment needs to be built. In order to process small electronic machinery, aviation information and other fields, small equipment (such as micro sensors, micro drive component machining, etc.) is needed, and small micro precision equipment (not to say machining micro small equipment) is needed.
Ultra-precision machining technology is machining an era. research focus. Cutting materials, ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision machining and polishing technology have made great progress, or the processed parts of precision ceramics are nano- and sub-nano-level, and the machining methods are precision daily grinding.
General precision grinding, honing and other fixed abrasive ultra-precision machining technologies are pursuing perfect abrasive machining technology, and abrasive ultra-precision processing is technically pursuing the efficiency of fixed abrasive machining. Ultra-precision machining technology advances the direction, direction, and environment-friendly development of large-scale production.
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