The accuracy of CNC machining center mainly includes geometric accuracy, positioning accuracy and cutting accuracy.
The geometric accuracy of the CNC machining center reflects the geometric shape error of the key mechanical parts of the CNC machining center (such as the bed, slide, column, spindle box, etc.) and the geometric shape error after assembly, including the flatness of the work surface,
the The mutual perpendicularity of movement in the coordinate direction, the parallelism of the movement in the X and Y coordinate directions of the worktable, the radial runout of the spindle hole, the axial movement of the spindle, the spindle when the headstock moves along the z-coordinate axis centerline Line parallelism, the straightness of the spindle moving in the z-axis coordinate direction, and the perpendicularity of the spindle rotation axis line to the worktable surface, etc.
Commonly used testing tools include precision level, precision square box, dial indicator or micrometer, square meter, flat ruler, high-precision spindle mandrel and dial indicator rod magnetic seat, etc.
1.1 Detection method: The detection method of the geometric accuracy of the CNC machining center is similar to that of the ordinary machine tool, and the detection requirements are higher than that of the ordinary machine tool.
(1) When testing, the base of the CNC machining center should be completely cured.
(2) When testing, try to minimize the error of testing tools and testing methods.
(3) In accordance with the relevant national standards, first turn on the power supply of the CNC machining center to preheat the CNC machining center, and reciprocate along each coordinate axis of the CNC machining center for several times, so that the spindle runs at a medium speed for a few minutes before proceeding. .
(4) The geometric accuracy of CNC machining centers is generally higher than that of ordinary CNC machining centers. The inspection tools and measuring tools used in ordinary CNC machining centers often cannot meet the inspection requirements due to their low precision. And the accuracy level of the inspection tool used is one level higher than the geometric accuracy to be measured.
(5) The geometric accuracy must be completed at one time after the CNC machining center is debugged, and one item cannot be adjusted and measured, because some geometric accuracy is interrelated and affected.
(6) The load test should also be carried out on the large CNC machining center to check whether the CNC machining center reaches the design bearing capacity; whether the various mechanisms work normally under the load state; whether the work stability, accuracy and reliability of the CNC machining center meet the standards .
In addition, before and after the load test, the geometric accuracy of the CNC machining center should be checked. The test on working accuracy should be completed after the load test.
The positioning accuracy of the CNC machining center refers to the position accuracy that can be achieved when the moving parts of the CNC machining center are moved under the control of the CNC system. This accuracy is the same as the geometric accuracy of the CNC machining center, which will have an important impact on the cutting accuracy of the CNC machining center, especially the hole spacing error during pore machining.
The detection tools for measuring linear motion include: standard length scale, group block gauge, micrometer, optical reading microscope and dual-frequency laser interferometer, etc. The standard length measurement is based on the measurement results of the dual-frequency laser interferometer. Rotary motion detection tools include 360-tooth precision indexing standard turntable or angle polyhedron, high-precision circular grating and collimator. At present, the commonly used detector is a dual-frequency laser interferometer.
(1) Install and adjust the dual-frequency laser interferometer.
(2) Preheat the laser, and then enter the measurement parameters.
(3) Measure the positioning accuracy of the CNC machining center when the CNC machining center is in motion.
(4) Output data processing results.
(1) The instrument should be accurately calibrated before use.
(2) Pitch error compensation should be performed after the geometric accuracy adjustment of the CNC machining center is completed to reduce the influence of geometric accuracy on positioning accuracy.
(3) High-precision detection instruments (such as laser interferometers) should be used for pitch error compensation, so as to measure first and then compensate, and then measure again after compensation, and should follow the corresponding analysis standards (VDI3441, JIS6330 or GB10931-89) ) to analyze the measurement data until the positioning accuracy requirements of the CNC machining center are met.
(4) The pitch error compensation method of the CNC machining center includes two methods: linear axis compensation and rotary axis compensation, which can compensate the positioning accuracy of the linear axis and the rotary table separately.
The inspection of the cutting accuracy of the CNC machining center is a comprehensive inspection of the geometric accuracy and positioning accuracy of the CNC machining center under the cutting conditions, including the inspection of the single machining accuracy and the accuracy inspection of the processed cast iron samples (the carbide tools are cut according to the standard amount of cutting).
The inspection items generally include: dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of boring holes, shape and spacing accuracy of boring holes, plane milling accuracy of end mills, linear accuracy of side milling cutters, roundness accuracy of side milling cutters, The right-angle accuracy and the two-axis linkage accuracy of the rotary axis turn 900 side milling cutter milling.
Keywords：CNC machining detection
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